Judaea (uncertain mint) (Bar Kokhba), silver, drachms (legend/jug) (132-135 CE)
From SILVER
132 CE - 135 CE Silver 3,457 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | 'Sma' (Paleo-Hebrew).'Sma' (Paleo-Hebrew) within wreath of thin branches wrapped around eight almonds, with a medallion at top and tendrils at bottom |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | 'Eleazar the priest' (Paleo-Hebrew).Fluted jug with handle on left, in right field, palm branch |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Judaea (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Judaea | Modern countryModern country: Israel | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Simon bar Kokhba (military leader and king of Judea, 132-135 CE) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 132 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 135 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachm, zuz, denarius | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Mildenberg 1984, p. 172-293 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 18 | 31.58 | 18 | 13, 25, 26, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37, 39, 41, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54 | |
| 2 | 7 | 12.28 | 14 | 27, 33, 35, 40, 47, 52, 53 | |
| 3 | 3 | 5.26 | 9 | 32, 42, 56 | |
| 4 | 3 | 5.26 | 12 | 9, 38, 55 | |
| 5 | 1 | 1.75 | 5 | 12 | |
| 6 | 2 | 3.51 | 12 | 23, 45 | |
| 7 | 2 | 3.51 | 14 | 28, 31 | |
| 10 | 2 | 3.51 | 20 | 1, 20 | |
| 11 | 2 | 3.51 | 22 | 6, 57 | |
| 29 | 1 | 1.75 | 29 | 1 | |
| 36 | 1 | 1.75 | 36 | 2 | |
| 49 | 1 | 1.75 | 49 | 4 | |
| 51 | 1 | 1.75 | 51 | 17 | |
| 67 | 1 | 1.75 | 67 | 18 | |
| 69 | 1 | 1.75 | 69 | 7 | |
| 93 | 1 | 1.75 | 93 | 3 | |
| 159 | 1 | 1.75 | 159 | 15 | |
| 180 | 1 | 1.75 | 180 | 8 | |
| 197 | 1 | 1.75 | 197 | 16 | |
| 243 | 1 | 1.75 | 243 | 5 | |
| 276 | 1 | 1.75 | 276 | 11 | |
| 281 | 1 | 1.75 | 281 | 22 | |
| 333 | 1 | 1.75 | 333 | 21 | |
| 353 | 1 | 1.75 | 353 | 19 | |
| 494 | 1 | 1.75 | 494 | 24 | |
| 508 | 1 | 1.75 | 508 | 14 | |
| Total | 57 of 57 | 99.92 | 3544 of 3,544 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 57 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 18 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 179 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 3544 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 62.18 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 19.8 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.14 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 31.58 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 54.01 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,080,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 57.93 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00328 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.49% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 131,234.96 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,457 kg <br /> 3,457 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 328,087.39 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Mildenberg, Leo (1984), The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War, Typos VI, Aarau, Verlag Sauerländer, 396 p.
