Himera, silver, didrachms (rooster/crab in circular incuse) (480-470 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 470 BCE Silver 2,583 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | HIMEPA (Greek).Cock standing to left. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Crab within a shallow, circular incuse |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Himera | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 470 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.65 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Westermark 1999, p. 409-34, pl. 45-50, n° 1-107. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 718, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 58, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 437-438 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 13.33 | 2 | 1.02 | 1, 2 |
| 4 | 1 | 6.67 | 4 | 2.04 | 6 |
| 6 | 1 | 6.67 | 6 | 3.06 | 7 |
| 11 | 1 | 6.67 | 11 | 5.61 | 4 |
| 15 | 1 | 6.67 | 15 | 7.65 | 10 |
| 16 | 1 | 6.67 | 16 | 8.16 | 13 |
| 20 | 3 | 20 | 60 | 30.61 | 8, 12, 15 |
| 21 | 2 | 13.33 | 42 | 21.43 | 3, 11 |
| 22 | 1 | 6.67 | 22 | 11.22 | 9 |
| 9 | 2 | 13.33 | 18 | 9.18 | 5, 14 |
| Total | 15 of 15 | 100.01 | 196 of 196 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 15 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 78 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 196 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 13.07 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.51 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 5.2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 13.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 14.93 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 298,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 16.24 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00066 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.98% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 26,255.86 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,583 kg <br /> 2,583 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 65,639.65 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla (1999), "Himera: the coins of Akragantine type. 2. Based on a catalogue by Kenneth Jenkins", in M. Amandry, S. Hurter and D. Bérend (eds.), Travaux de numismatique grecque offerts à Georges Le Rider, London, p. 409-34, pl. 45-50,
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
