Damascus (Cleopatra VII), bronze (37-32 BCE)
From SILVER
37 BCE - 32 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed and draped bust of Cleopatra VII to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΔAMAΣKHNΩN - L ΠΣ (Greek).The Tyche of Damaskos seated to left on rock, her right arm outstretched and holding cornucopiae in her left, at feet, river-god Chrysoroas swimming right, all within laurel wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Damascus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Syria | Modern countryModern country: Syria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Cleopatra VII Philopator (Ptolemaic queen, 51-30 BC), Marcus Antonius (Roman politician and general, member of the Second Triumvirate, 83-30 BC), Ptolemaic dynasty (323-30 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 37 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 32 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 9.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S941 Damascus Cleopatra.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Olivier - Aumaître 20171Olivier - Aumaître 2017, p. 105 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RPC I2RPC I, n° 4783 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 33.33 | 2 | 4.44 | 3, 6 |
| 7 | 1 | 16.67 | 7 | 15.56 | 5 |
| 10 | 1 | 16.67 | 10 | 22.22 | 2 |
| 12 | 1 | 16.67 | 12 | 26.67 | 4 |
| 14 | 1 | 16.67 | 14 | 31.11 | 1 |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100.01 | 45 of 45 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 24 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 45 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.88 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 6.27 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 125,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 6.92 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00036 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.56% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 14,354.07 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 35,885.17 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Olivier, Julien - Aumaître, Héloïse (2017), "Antoine, Cléopâtre et le Levant. Le témoignage des monnaies", in L. Bricault et alii (éd.), Rome et les provinces. Monnayage et histoire. Mélanges offerts à Michel Amandry, Bordeaux, p. 105-122
- ^ Amandry, Michel - Burnett, Andrew - Ripolles, Pere Pau (1998), Roman provincial coinage. I. From the death of Caesar to the death of Vitellius (44 BC-AC 69), London-Paris, 2 vol., xvii + 812 p., 195 pl.
