Caunus, silver, hemidrachms (Athena/sword) (166-140 BCE)
From SILVER
166 BCE - 140 BCE Silver 1,216 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | (Head of Athena to right, wearing crested Corinthian helmet). |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦΑ−ΡΟC (magistrate) above K-AV (ligate) across fields (Greek).Sword in sheath, grape bunch in lower right field |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Caunus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 166 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 140 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemidrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton 1999b | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 4818-4819 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 20 | 48.78 | 20 | 15.04 | 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 38, 40, 41 |
| 2 | 5 | 12.2 | 10 | 7.52 | 1, 5, 7, 16, 29 |
| 3 | 5 | 12.2 | 15 | 11.28 | 18, 20, 23, 26, 39 |
| 4 | 3 | 7.32 | 12 | 9.02 | 14, 25, 37 |
| 5 | 1 | 2.44 | 5 | 3.76 | 13 |
| 6 | 4 | 9.76 | 24 | 18.05 | 10, 11, 15, 35 |
| 8 | 1 | 2.44 | 8 | 6.02 | 36 |
| 15 | 1 | 2.44 | 15 | 11.28 | 9 |
| 24 | 1 | 2.44 | 24 | 18.05 | 8 |
| Total | 41 of 41 | 100.02 | 133 of 133 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 41 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 20 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 83 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 133 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.24 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.6 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.02 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 48.78 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 50.67 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,013,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 59.27 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 84.96% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,249.65 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,216 kg <br /> 1,216 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 13,124.14 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
