Byzantium, silver, tetradrachms (Demeter/seated Poseidon) (240-220 BCE)
From SILVER
240 BCE - 220 BCE Silver 10,613 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Veiled head of Demeter, right, wearing corn wreath. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΥ (monogram + ΕΠΙ + name of magistrate (Greek).Poseidon seated right on rock, holding aplustre and trident. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Byzantium | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 240 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 220 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Schönert-Geiss 1970, p. 133-136, n° 979-1025 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 66, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.2, n° 1408 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 16 | 57.14 | 16 | 22.86 | 2, 4, 5, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28 |
| 2 | 2 | 7.14 | 4 | 5.71 | 3, 8 |
| 3 | 3 | 10.71 | 9 | 12.86 | 10, 13, 25 |
| 4 | 1 | 3.57 | 4 | 5.71 | 17 |
| 5 | 2 | 7.14 | 10 | 14.29 | 7, 16 |
| 6 | 2 | 7.14 | 12 | 17.14 | 6, 20 |
| 7 | 1 | 3.57 | 7 | 10 | 23 |
| 8 | 1 | 3.57 | 8 | 11.43 | 1 |
| Total | 28 of 28 | 99.98 | 70 of 70 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 28 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 16 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 38 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 70 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.84 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.36 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 57.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 39.02 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 780,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 46.67 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 77.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,587.9 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 10,613 kg <br /> 10,613 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,969.76 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Schönert-Geiss, Edith (1970), Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil 1: Autonome Zeit, Berlin.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
