Byzantium, silver, tetradrachms (Alexander/seated Athena) (120-89 BCE)
From SILVER
120 BCE - 89 BCE Silver 37,241 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Alexander III r., with horn of Ammon |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΛΥΣΙMΑΧΟΥ (Greek).Athena seated l. on throne, holding Nike in her outstretched r. hand and spear in her l., below throne, BY and ornamental trident, to l, monogram |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Byzantium | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Lysimachus (Macedonian officer, diadochus and king, c. 360-281 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 120 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 89 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Callataÿ 1997a, p. 120-123 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 74, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.2, n° 1403-1405 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 33 | 52.38 | 33 | 28.7 | 2A/1, 2A/2, 2A/3, 2A/5, 2A/6, 2A/7, 2A/8, 2A/9, 2A/14, 2A/17, 2A/18, 2A/21, 2A/22, 2A/25, 2A/26, 2A/27, 2A/29, 2A/31, 2A/34, 2A/36, 2A/37, 2A/38, 2A/39, 2A/42, 2A/44, 2A/45, 2B/2, 2B/6, 2B/8, 2B/9, 2B/11, 2B/14, 2B/17 |
| 2 | 20 | 31.75 | 40 | 34.78 | 2A/4, 2A/10, 2A/16, 2A/19, 2A/20, 2A/23, 2A/24, 2A/30, 2A/32, 2A/33, 2A/35, 2A/41, 2A/43, 2B/1, 2B/3, 2B/5, 2B/10, 2B/13, 2B/15, 2B/16 |
| 3 | 6 | 9.52 | 18 | 15.65 | 2A/11, 2A/13, 2A/28, 2A/40, 2B/4, 2B/12 |
| 4 | 1 | 1.59 | 4 | 3.48 | 2A/12 |
| 5 | 1 | 1.59 | 5 | 4.35 | 2B/7 |
| 7 | 1 | 1.59 | 7 | 6.09 | 4/4 |
| 8 | 1 | 1.59 | 8 | 6.96 | 2A/15 |
| Total | 63 of 63 | 100.01 | 115 of 115 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 63 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 33 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 66 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 115 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.83 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.74 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.05 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 52.38 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 112.85 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,257,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 139.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 71.3% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,038.1 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 37,241 kg <br /> 37,241 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,095.26 |
Remarks
Certainly military
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), L'histoire des guerres mithridatiques vue par les monnaies, Numismatica Lovaniensia 18, Louvain-la-Neuve, XIII + 481 p. et 54 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
