Byzantium, bronze (8.3g) (Demeter/cornucopia) (300-200 BCE)
From SILVER
300 BCE - 200 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | Veiled head of Demeter, right, wearing corn wreath. |
| Reverse: | ΒΥΣΑΝΤΙΩΝ + EΠI and personal name (Greek).Cornucopia, symbol to inner right. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Byzantium | Ancient region: | Thrace | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 300 BCE | to | 200 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 8.30 | Denomination: | Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Schönert-Geiss 1970, p. 140-144, n° 1131-1214 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 70, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.2, n° 1414 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 65 | 87.84 | 65 | 76.47 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 |
| 2 | 7 | 9.46 | 14 | 16.47 | 13, 25, 28, 42, 43, 46, 52 |
| 3 | 2 | 2.7 | 6 | 7.06 | 5, 8 |
| Total | 74 of 74 | 100 | 85 of 85 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 74 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 65 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 78 | Number of coins (n) | 85 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.15 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.09 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.05 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 87.84 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 430.47 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 8,609,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 571.82 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 23.53% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 394.92 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 987.29 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Schönert-Geiss, Edith (1970), Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil 1: Autonome Zeit, Berlin.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
