Byzantium, bronze (3.8g) (bull/trident) (350-300 BCE)
From SILVER
350 BCE - 300 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | ΠY (Greek).ΠY in the upper field. Bull to the left, the right front leg raised, standing on dolphin to the left. |
| Reverse: | Ornamented trident head with two vertical dolphins. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Byzantium | Ancient region: | Thrace | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 350 BCE | to | 300 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 3.80 | Denomination: | Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Schönert-Geiss 1970, n° 871-913 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 1591, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 123, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 3.2, n° 1419 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 41 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 37 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 39 | Number of coins (n) | 45 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.1 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.15 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 0.95 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 90.24 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 332.25 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 6,645,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 461.25 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 17.78% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 270.88 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 677.2 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Schönert-Geiss, Edith (1970), Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil 1: Autonome Zeit, Berlin.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
