Bactria (uncertain mint A) (Euthydemus), silver, tetradrachms (230-200 BCE)
From SILVER
230 BCE - 200 BCE Silver 28,524 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of king Euthydemus right, wearing diadem. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΘΥΔΗΜΟΥ (Greek).Heracles seated on rock left, naked, holding club, resting on separate pile of rocks. In right field, monogram. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Bactria (uncertain mint A) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Bactrian Kingdom, Euthydemus I of Bactria (satrap of Sogdiana and Greco-Bactrian king, c. 230-c. 200 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 230 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 200 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.15 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S1241 Euthydemus tetradrachms Mint A.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Glenn 20201Glenn 2020, p. 197-214, no. 1-270 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 122HGC 12, n° 40 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 18 | 24.32 | 18 | 6.67 | 11, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 30, 31, 34, 35, 56, 59, 60, 62, 63, 64, 74 |
| 2 | 15 | 20.27 | 30 | 11.11 | 9, 13, 15, 16, 26, 33, 39, 43, 49, 50, 52, 54, 65, 68, 71 |
| 3 | 14 | 18.92 | 42 | 15.56 | 5, 6, 12, 28, 32, 38, 42, 46, 51, 53, 55, 66, 67, 73 |
| 4 | 9 | 12.16 | 36 | 13.33 | 4, 10, 18, 27, 29, 45, 58, 61, 72 |
| 5 | 5 | 6.76 | 25 | 9.26 | 8, 23, 37, 40, 47 |
| 6 | 3 | 4.05 | 18 | 6.67 | 14, 41, 48 |
| 7 | 1 | 1.35 | 7 | 2.59 | 57 |
| 8 | 3 | 4.05 | 24 | 8.89 | 25, 44, 70 |
| 9 | 2 | 2.7 | 18 | 6.67 | 3, 7 |
| 10 | 1 | 1.35 | 10 | 3.7 | 2 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.35 | 12 | 4.44 | 69 |
| 13 | 1 | 1.35 | 13 | 4.81 | 1 |
| 17 | 1 | 1.35 | 17 | 6.3 | 7 |
| Total | 74 of 74 | 99.98 | 270 of 270 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 74 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 18 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 202 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 270 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.65 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.34 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.73 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 24.32 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 88.31 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,766,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 101.94 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.33% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,114.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 28,524 kg <br /> 28,524 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 15,287.06 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations Likely military
References
- ^ Glenn, Simon (2020), Money and Power in Hellenistic Bactria: Euthydemus I to Antimachus I, Numismatic Studies 43, New York, 2020, 394 p., 106 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2013), Handbook of coins of Baktria and ancient India : including Sogdiana, Margiana, Areia, and the Indo-Greek, Indo-Skythian, and native Indian states south of the Hindu Kush, fifth century BC to first century, Lancaster-London,
