Alabanda (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/Zeus) (170-152 BCE)
From SILVER
170 BCE - 152 BCE Silver 12,917 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin headdress |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛEΞANΔPOY to right (Greek).Zeus Aëtophoros seated left, holding sceptre, Pegasos springing left in left field, Ϛ (date) below throne |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Alabanda | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 170 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 152 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm | StandardStandard.: | Attic |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Meadows 20081 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 6 | 15 | 6 | 0.95 | A7, A8, G1, D3, D4, E6 |
2 | 3 | 7.5 | 6 | 0.95 | N1, C4, ZI1 |
3 | 3 | 7.5 | 9 | 1.42 | M5, D1, C3 |
5 | 1 | 2.5 | 5 | 0.79 | G3 |
6 | 1 | 2.5 | 6 | 0.95 | A6 |
7 | 2 | 5 | 14 | 2.22 | M1, E5 |
8 | 2 | 5 | 16 | 2.53 | G4, E3 |
9 | 1 | 2.5 | 9 | 1.42 | M2 |
13 | 1 | 2.5 | 13 | 2.06 | M8 |
14 | 1 | 2.5 | 14 | 2.22 | A2 |
15 | 1 | 2.5 | 15 | 2.37 | M6 |
16 | 1 | 2.5 | 16 | 2.53 | M7 |
17 | 1 | 2.5 | 17 | 2.69 | G2 |
18 | 1 | 2.5 | 18 | 2.85 | E4 |
19 | 1 | 2.5 | 19 | 3.01 | E2 |
20 | 1 | 2.5 | 20 | 3.16 | D2 |
21 | 2 | 5 | 42 | 6.65 | A3, A10 |
23 | 1 | 2.5 | 23 | 3.64 | A9 |
24 | 1 | 2.5 | 24 | 3.8 | M4 |
25 | 1 | 2.5 | 25 | 3.96 | A5 |
28 | 1 | 2.5 | 28 | 4.43 | C1 |
32 | 1 | 2.5 | 32 | 5.06 | A4 |
33 | 1 | 2.5 | 33 | 5.22 | A1 |
37 | 1 | 2.5 | 37 | 5.85 | M3 |
39 | 1 | 2.5 | 39 | 6.17 | E1 |
45 | 1 | 2.5 | 45 | 7.12 | D6 |
49 | 1 | 2.5 | 49 | 7.75 | D5 |
52 | 1 | 2.5 | 52 | 8.23 | C2 |
Total | 40 of 40 | 100 | 632 of 632 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 40 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 312 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 632 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.8 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.03 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 7.8 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 15 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 39.38 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 787,600 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 42.7 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00080 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.05% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 32,097.51 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,917 kg <br /> 12,917 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 80,243.78 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military