AC 222 - Phocaea, electrum, hektai (477-388 BCE)
From SILVER
477 BCE - 388 BCE Electrum 74,235 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Various types. Here : Head of young satyr, hair loose down neck, below the neck, seal. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Quadripartite incuse square. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Phocaea | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Ionia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 477 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 388 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Electrum http://nomisma.org/id/el | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hekte
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bodenstedt 1981, émissions 51-96. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 4530-4533, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 222 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 44 | 36.97 | 44 | 11.73 | 51a, 51b, 52b, 52c, 53a, 54a, 55a, 57a, 60a, 61b, 62b, 62c, 64a, 65a, 66b, 68a, 69a, 71a, 72a, 73b, 75a, 75b, 77a, 78b, 78c, 82e, 83a, 86a, 89a, 90b, 91b, 92c, 92d, 95a, 96b, 96b1, 96b2, 96c1, 96d, 96e, 96f, 96f1, 96h, 96k |
| 2 | 26 | 21.85 | 52 | 13.87 | 51c, 52a, 53b, 62d, 66a, 66c, 73a, 74a, 76a, 77b, 79a, 82b, 82d, 84a, 85a, 87d, 90f, 90g, 91c, 91h, 91i1, 92e, 93a, 96a, 96c, 96i |
| 3 | 14 | 11.76 | 42 | 11.2 | 53c, 56a, 58a, 58b, 59a, 61a, 69b, 70a, 81a, 90a, 91d, 92b, 94a, 95a1 |
| 4 | 11 | 9.24 | 44 | 11.73 | 58c, 62a, 67a, 80a, 90c, 91i2, 93c, 94b, 94e, 94f, 96g |
| 5 | 6 | 5.04 | 30 | 8 | 87b, 87c, 91e, 92a, 93b, 94c |
| 6 | 5 | 4.2 | 30 | 8 | 82c, 90e, 91a, 91f, 96l |
| 7 | 3 | 2.52 | 21 | 5.6 | 63a, 91g, 94d |
| 8 | 5 | 4.2 | 40 | 10.67 | 78a, 87a, 88a, 89c, 90h |
| 9 | 2 | 1.68 | 18 | 4.8 | |
| 10 | 2 | 1.68 | 20 | 5.33 | 89b, 94g |
| 34 | 1 | 0.84 | 34 | 9.07 | 91k |
| Total | 119 of 119 | 99.98 | 375 of 375 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 119 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 44 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | NC"NC" is not a number. | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 375 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.15 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 36.97 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 148.47 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,969,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 174.32 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.27% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,051.53 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 74,235 kg <br /> 74,235 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 12,628.81 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Bodenstedt, Friedrich (1981), Die Elektronmünzen von Phokaia und Mytilene, Tübingen.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
