AC 123 - Byzantium, bronze (bull/trident) (400-340 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 7926

400 BCE - 340 BCE Bronze

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	ΠY (Greek).ΠY in the upper field. Bull to the left, the right front leg raised, standing on dolphin to the left.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	Ornamented trident head with two vertical dolphins.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Byzantium

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Thrace

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

400 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

340 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical ^{480-323 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Bronze

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

3.80

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

StandardStandard.:

Image

AC123 Byzantium.jpeg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Schönert-Geiss 19701Schönert-Geiss 1970, n° 871-913
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	Sear I2Sear I, n° 1591, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 123

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	37	90.24	37	82.22	1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41
2	4	9.76	8	17.78	5, 7, 12, 27
Total	41 of 41	100	45 of 45	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	41	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	37
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	39	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	45
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.1	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.15
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	0.95	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	90.24 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	332.25	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	6,645,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	461.25	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00001
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	17.78%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	270.88
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	677.2

Remarks

References

^ Schönert-Geiss, Edith (1970), Die Münzprägung von Byzantion. Teil 1: Autonome Zeit, Berlin.
^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.