Zancle (Messana), silver, drachms (dolphin/mussel shell in incuse square) (515-493 BCE)
From SILVER
515 BCE - 493 BCE Silver 27,400 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | DANKΛE (Greek).Dolphin swimming l. within sickle-shaped open harbour, outer edge of wharf surrounded by dots |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Mussel shell within nine squares, part incuse and part in relief |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Zancle | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 515 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 493 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 5.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: | Chalcidian |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Gielow 1930, p. 13-28, n° 1-68 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 721-722, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 62, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 766 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 51 | 83.61 | 51 | 68 | 1, 2, 5, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69 |
| 2 | 7 | 11.48 | 14 | 18.67 | 9, 20, 23, 31, 34, 48, 59 |
| 3 | 2 | 3.28 | 6 | 8 | 6, 35 |
| 4 | 1 | 1.64 | 4 | 5.33 | 3 |
| Total | 61 of 61 | 100.01 | 75 of 75 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 61 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 51 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 64 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 75 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.23 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.17 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.05 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 83.61 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 253.7 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 5,074,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 326.79 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 32% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 591.25 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 27,400 kg <br /> 27,400 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,478.12 |
Remarks
References
- ^ H. E. Gielow (1930), "Die Silberprägung von Dankle-Messana (Ca. 515-396 v. Chr.)", Mitteilungen des Bayerischen Numismatischen Gesellschaft, XLVIII, p. 1-54, pl. 1-7.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
