Vibo Valentia, bronze, triens, ca 3.7g (Athena/standing owl) (193-50 BCE)
From SILVER
193 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Helmeted head of Athena right, •••• (mark of value) to left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | VALENTIA (Latin).Owl standing right, to right, star above •••• (mark of value) |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Vibo Valentia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 193 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 50 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | triens
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Taliercio Mensitieri 1989, Series IV, 51–7 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 662, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 18, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 2264, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 1408 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 15 | 3 | 2.29 | 6, 113, 133 |
| 2 | 2 | 10 | 4 | 3.05 | 57, 59 |
| 3 | 2 | 10 | 6 | 4.58 | 51, 164 |
| 4 | 4 | 20 | 16 | 12.21 | 32, 52, 56, 195 |
| 8 | 1 | 5 | 8 | 6.11 | 112 |
| 9 | 1 | 5 | 9 | 6.87 | 7 |
| 10 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 15.27 | 77, 134 |
| 11 | 1 | 5 | 11 | 8.4 | 10 |
| 13 | 2 | 10 | 26 | 19.85 | 54, 165 |
| 14 | 2 | 10 | 28 | 21.37 | 9, 89 |
| Total | 20 of 20 | 100 | 131 of 131 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 20 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 21 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 131 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.55 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.24 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.05 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 15 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 21.27 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 425,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 23.6 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00031 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.71% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 12,317.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 30,794.55 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Taliercio Mensitieri, Marina (1989), La monetazione di Valentia, Rome, 132 p. and 23 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
