Vibo Valentia, bronze, quadrantes, ca 2.1g (Hercules/club) (193-50 BCE)
From SILVER
193 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Hercules right, wearing lion's skin headdress, three pellets behind. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | VALENTIA (Latin).Double club, star and three pellets r. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Vibo Valentia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 193 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 50 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.16 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | quadrans
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Taliercio Mensitieri 1989 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 663, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 19, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 2265, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 1409 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 5 | 22.73 | 5 | 3.7 | 13, 16, 35, 66, 100 |
| 3 | 4 | 18.18 | 12 | 8.89 | 14, 99, 114, 115 |
| 4 | 2 | 9.09 | 8 | 5.93 | 80, 196 |
| 5 | 3 | 13.64 | 15 | 11.11 | 12, 68, 91 |
| 7 | 2 | 9.09 | 14 | 10.37 | 136, 167 |
| 9 | 1 | 4.55 | 9 | 6.67 | 15 |
| 10 | 1 | 4.55 | 10 | 7.41 | 59 |
| 12 | 1 | 4.55 | 12 | 8.89 | 33 |
| 16 | 2 | 9.09 | 32 | 23.7 | 11, 60 |
| 18 | 1 | 4.55 | 18 | 13.33 | 70 |
| Total | 22 of 22 | 100.02 | 135 of 135 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 22 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 5 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 20 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 135 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 6.14 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 6.75 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.91 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 22.73 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 23.61 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 472,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 26.28 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00029 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.3% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 11,435.83 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 28,589.58 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Taliercio Mensitieri, Marina (1989), La monetazione di Valentia, Rome, 132 p. and 23 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
