Vibo Valentia, bronze, asses, ca 11.0g (Zeus/thunderbolt) (193-50 BCE)
From SILVER
193 BCE - 50 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | VALENTIA (Latin).Winged thunderbolt |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Vibo Valentia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 193 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 50 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 11.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | as
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Taliercio Mensitieri 1989 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 660, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 16, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 2262, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 1406 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 7 | 1 | 2.5 | 7 | 4.64 | 144 |
| 10 | 1 | 2.5 | 10 | 6.62 | 63 |
| 1 | 10 | 25 | 10 | 6.62 | 102, 119, 123, 14, 156, 170, 174, 198, 203, 204 |
| 2 | 7 | 17.5 | 14 | 9.27 | 83, 95, 117, 120, 121, 218, 220 |
| 3 | 6 | 15 | 18 | 11.92 | 73, 93, 122, 141, 176, 197 |
| 4 | 6 | 15 | 24 | 15.89 | 1, 82, 171, 177, 178, 199 |
| 5 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 6.62 | 26, 75 |
| 6 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 7.95 | 154, 157 |
| 8 | 3 | 7.5 | 24 | 15.89 | 42, 172, 201 |
| 11 | 2 | 5 | 22 | 14.57 | 103, 202 |
| Total | 40 of 40 | 100 | 151 of 151 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 40 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 10 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 38 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 151 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.78 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.97 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.95 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 47.3 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 946,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 54.41 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00016 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.38% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,384.78 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 15,961.95 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Taliercio Mensitieri, Marina (1989), La monetazione di Valentia, Rome, 132 p. and 23 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
