Venusia (Roman Republic), silver, denarii (Roma/galloping Dioscuri) (RRC 89/2 - 208 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 30146

208 BCE - 208 BCE Silver 12,639 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of Roma right, wearing winged helmet, ornamented with griffin's head, single-pendant earring, pearl necklace, and hair in three symmetrical locks, X (mark of value) to left
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ROMA in exergue (Latin).The Dioscuri, each holding couched spear, and wearing chlamys, cuirass, and a pileus surmounted by star, on horseback riding right, club below horses

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Venusia

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Apulia

Modern countryModern country: Italy

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Roman Republic

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

208 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

208 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

3.90

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

denarius

StandardStandard.:

Image

Rome_RRC_89_2.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Debernardi 20241Debernardi 2024
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	Sydenham 19522Sydenham 1952, n° 211, RRC3RRC, n° 89/2
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://numismatics.org/crro/id/rrc-89.2

Obverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o)	88	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ	43
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	85	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	157
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.78	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.85
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	0.97	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	48.86 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ	162.04	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ	3,240,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O)	200.23	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ	0.00005
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O)	72.61%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ	1,937.79
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ	12,639 kg <br /> 12,639 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ	4,844.48

Remarks

Certainly military