Tyre (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/seated Zeus) (332-304 BCE)
From SILVER
332 BCE - 304 Silver 16,141 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Herakles to right, wearing lion skin headdress. |
| Reverse: | AΛEΞANΔPOY (Greek).Zeus seated left on throne, holding eagle and sceptre |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Tyre | Ancient region: | Phoenicia | Modern country: Lebanon | Authority: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Macedonian kingdom |
Chronology
| From | 332 BCE | to | 304 | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 17.30 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Newell 1916, p. 39-52 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Price 1991, n° 3238-3241, 3244, 3248, 3250, 3052, 3054, 3056... 3302, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.1, n° 941 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 6 | 13.64 | 6 | 2.03 | VII, XXII, XXV, XXVIII, XXXII, XLII |
| 2 | 4 | 9.09 | 8 | 2.71 | XVIII, XXIX, XLIII, XLIV |
| 3 | 3 | 6.82 | 9 | 3.05 | VI, XIX, XXXV |
| 4 | 4 | 9.09 | 16 | 5.42 | I, XI, XXI, XXXIX |
| 5 | 5 | 11.36 | 25 | 8.47 | II, XII, XVII, XXXIII, XL |
| 6 | 3 | 6.82 | 18 | 6.1 | VIII, XXXI, XXXVIII |
| 7 | 3 | 6.82 | 21 | 7.12 | III, XX, XXVI |
| 8 | 3 | 6.82 | 24 | 8.14 | XV, XXXIV, XLI |
| 9 | 1 | 2.27 | 9 | 3.05 | XXVII |
| 10 | 2 | 4.55 | 20 | 6.78 | X, XXIII |
| 11 | 1 | 2.27 | 11 | 3.73 | XIII |
| 12 | 2 | 4.55 | 24 | 8.14 | XIV, XXXVII |
| 13 | 2 | 4.55 | 26 | 8.81 | IV, XXX |
| 14 | 1 | 2.27 | 14 | 4.75 | XVI |
| 15 | 2 | 4.55 | 30 | 10.17 | IX, XXIV |
| 16 | 1 | 2.27 | 16 | 5.42 | XXXVI |
| 18 | 1 | 2.27 | 18 | 6.1 | V |
| Total | 44 of 44 | 100.01 | 295 of 295 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 44 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 189 | Number of coins (n) | 295 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 6.7 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.56 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 4.3 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 13.64 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 46.65 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 933,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 51.71 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00032 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.97% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 12,647.37 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 16,141 kg <br /> 16,141 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 31,618.44 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military These issues were first attributed to the mint of Ake by Edward Newell and still Martin Price but reattributed to Tyre by André Lemaire and Georges Le Rider
References
- ^ Newell, Edward T. (1916), The dated Alexander coinage of Sidon and Ake, Yale University Press, New Haven, 72 p.
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
