Tyre, silver, tetradrachms (108/7-60/59 BCE)
From SILVER
108 BCE - 59 BCE Silver 58,673 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate bust of Melkart right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | TYPOY IEPAΣ KAI AΣYΛOY (Greek).Eagle standing left on prow, palm on right wing, LΛ and club to left, Phoenician "A" between legs, monogram to right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tyre | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 108 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 59 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S272 Tyre.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Callataÿ 20021Callataÿ 2002, p. 81 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 5917-5920, HGC 103HGC 10, n° 357 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 153 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 411 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.69 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 205.15 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 4,103,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 243.73 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00010 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,006.82 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 58,673 kg <br /> 58,673 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 10,017.06 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Fr. de Callataÿ, "La production des tétradrachmes civiques de la Cilicie jusqu’à la Palestine à la fin du IIe et dans la première moitié du Ier s. av. J.-C. (Elaiussa Sébasté, Aigeai, Séleucie-de-Piérie, Laodicée, Arados, Tripolis, Sidon, Tyr, Ascalon)", in Chr. Augé et Fr. Duyrat (ed.), Les monnayages syriens. Quel apport pour l’histoire du Proche-Orient hellénistique et romain ?, Bibliothèque archéologique et historique 162, IFAPO Beyrouth, Beirut, p. 77-80.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
