Tyre, silver, sixteenth shekels (450-425 BCE)
From SILVER
450 BCE - 425 BCE Silver 360 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Dolphin swimming r. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Owl standing l with hook and flail |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tyre | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 450 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 425 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.55 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 1/16 shekel | StandardStandard.: | Phoenician |
Image
S2052 Tyre 16th shekel.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Elayi - Elayi 20091Elayi - Elayi 2009, p. 30-31 and 44-46, n° 15-19 and 223-238 (Series I.1.3 and I.2.4) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 8 | 72.73 | 8 | 53.33 | I.1, I.2, I.3, I.4, II.3, II.4, II.5, II.6 |
| 2 | 2 | 18.18 | 4 | 26.67 | II.1, II.7 |
| 3 | 1 | 9.09 | 3 | 20 | II.2 |
| Total | 11 of 11 | 100 | 15 of 15 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 11 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 11 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 15 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.36 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.36 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 72.73 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 32.72 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 654,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 41.25 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 46.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 916.87 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 360 kg <br /> 360 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 2,292.18 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2009), The Coinage of the Phoenician City of Tyre in the Persian Period (5th-4th cent. BCE), Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 188, Leuven, Peeters, 517 p.
