Tyre, silver, shekels (dolphin/standing owl) (450-425 BCE)
From SILVER
450 BCE - 425 BCE Silver 8,851 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ŠLŠN (in Phoenician) above (Phoenician).Dolphin right, waves and murex shell below |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Owl standing right, head facing, crook and flail over shoulder, all in outline incuse within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tyre | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 450 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 425 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 13.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | shekel
|
StandardStandard.: | Phoenician |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Elayi 1992, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Elayi - Elayi 2009, p. 28-29 and 32-40, n° 1-7, 29-181 (I.1.1 and I.2.1) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear II, n° 5905-5906, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMAC, n° 279, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 10, n° 314 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 10 | 43.48 | 10 | 17.86 | 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.5, 2.7, 2.12, 2.15, 2.16, 2.17, 2.18 |
| 2 | 4 | 17.39 | 8 | 14.29 | 2.5, 2.8, 2.9, 2.11 |
| 3 | 4 | 17.39 | 12 | 21.43 | 1.3, 2.2, 2.10, 2.14 |
| 4 | 3 | 13.04 | 12 | 21.43 | 2.1, 2.4, 2.13 |
| 7 | 2 | 8.7 | 14 | 25 | 2.3, 2.6 |
| Total | 23 of 23 | 100 | 56 of 56 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 23 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 10 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 33 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 56 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.43 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.7 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.43 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 43.48 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 32.54 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 650,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 39.03 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 82.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,441.92 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 8,851 kg <br /> 8,851 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 8,604.79 |
Remarks
Elayi 1992: 14 obverses, 5 singletons, 26 reverses, 36 coins
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette (1992), "Les sicles de Tyr au dauphin", Numismatica Antica Classiche, 21, p. 37-49.
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2009), The Coinage of the Phoenician City of Tyre in the Persian Period (5th-4th cent. BCE), Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 188, Leuven, Peeters, 517 p.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
