Thrace (uncertain mint) (Akrosas), bronze, 9.5g (Dioscuri/two horses) (195-190 BCE)
From SILVER
195 BCE - 190 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Jugate busts of the Dioskouroi right, wearing pilei |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕ – ΑΡΟΣΑ (Greek).Jugate horse heads right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Thrace (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Akrosas, Scythian kings |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 195 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 190 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 9.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1970 Akrosas 1 jugate.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Draganov 20151Draganov 2015, p. 198-200, n° 324-340, p. 202-208, n° 353-406 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 3.22HGC 3.2, n° 2016 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 4 | 2 | 28.57 | 8 | 11.27 | 1, 3 |
| 5 | 1 | 14.29 | 5 | 7.04 | 7 |
| 7 | 1 | 14.29 | 7 | 9.86 | 9 |
| 9 | 2 | 28.57 | 18 | 25.35 | 2, 8 |
| 33 | 1 | 14.29 | 33 | 46.48 | 6 |
| Total | 7 of 7 | 100.01 | 71 of 71 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 7 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 26 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 71 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 10.14 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.73 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.71 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 7.1 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 142,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 7.77 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00050 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 20,000 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 50,000 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Draganov, Dimitar (2015), The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area, Sofia, Bobokov Bros. Foundation, 309 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
