Thessalonica (Roman Republic), bronze, ca 7g (Athena/cow grazing) (55-45 BCE)
From SILVER
45 BCE - 55 CE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗΣ (Greek).Cow standing right. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Thessalonica | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 45 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 55 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Kourempanas 2016, τύποι 14. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 3.1, n° 722 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 12 | 63.16 | 12 | 41.38 | E3, E4, E9, E10, E12, E13, E14, E15, E16, E17, E18, E19 |
| 2 | 5 | 26.32 | 10 | 34.48 | E1, E5, E6, E7, E11 |
| 3 | 1 | 5.26 | 3 | 10.34 | E2 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.26 | 4 | 13.79 | E8 |
| Total | 19 of 19 | 100 | 29 of 29 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 12 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 23 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 29 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.53 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.26 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.21 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 63.16 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 44.21 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 884,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 55.1 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 58.62% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,311.92 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,279.8 |
Remarks
