Terina, silver, nomoi (nymph Terina/Nike) (480-356 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 356 BCE Silver 6,095 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | TEPINAIΩN (Greek).Head of the nymph Terina right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Nike seated left on plinth, resting one hand upon plinth and holding out the other hand upon which a small bird alights |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Terina | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 356 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | nomos, stater , didrachm
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Regling 1906 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HN Italy, n° 2629, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 1, n° 1756 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 7.5 | 3 | 0.64 | G, NN, PP |
| 2 | 4 | 10 | 8 | 1.69 | B, Y, GG, KK |
| 3 | 4 | 10 | 12 | 2.54 | D, N, P, OO |
| 4 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 1.69 | A, Q |
| 5 | 1 | 2.5 | 5 | 1.06 | O |
| 6 | 2 | 5 | 12 | 2.54 | F, HH |
| 7 | 1 | 2.5 | 7 | 1.48 | II |
| 8 | 1 | 2.5 | 8 | 1.69 | K |
| 9 | 1 | 2.5 | 9 | 1.91 | C |
| 10 | 2 | 5 | 20 | 4.24 | E, DD |
| 11 | 3 | 7.5 | 33 | 6.99 | I, U, Z |
| 12 | 2 | 5 | 24 | 5.08 | W, EE |
| 13 | 2 | 5 | 26 | 5.51 | H, X |
| 15 | 1 | 2.5 | 15 | 3.18 | AA |
| 16 | 1 | 2.5 | 16 | 3.39 | LL |
| 17 | 2 | 5 | 34 | 7.2 | M, CC |
| 18 | 1 | 2.5 | 18 | 3.81 | BB |
| 19 | 1 | 2.5 | 19 | 4.03 | V |
| 23 | 1 | 2.5 | 23 | 4.87 | MM |
| 27 | 1 | 2.5 | 27 | 5.72 | T |
| 29 | 1 | 2.5 | 29 | 6.14 | FF |
| 31 | 1 | 2.5 | 31 | 6.57 | L |
| 40 | 1 | 2.5 | 40 | 8.47 | S |
| 45 | 1 | 2.5 | 45 | 9.53 | R |
| Total | 40 of 40 | 100 | 472 of 472 | 99.97 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 40 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 65 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 472 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 11.8 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 7.26 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.63 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 7.5 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 40.1 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 802,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 43.7 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00059 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.36% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 23,541.15 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,095 kg <br /> 6,095 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 58,852.87 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations
References
- ^ Regling, Kurt (1906), Terina, Winckelmannsfeste der Archaeologischen Gesellschaft 66, Berlin, 80 p., 3 pl.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
