Tarsus (Pharnabazus), silver, double sigloi (Heracles/Ares) (385-375 BCE)
From SILVER
385 BCE - 383 BCE Silver 211 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Three-quarter bust of Heracles, wearing a lion skin. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | TEPΣIKON (Greek).Bearded male head (Ares) left, wearing crested Attic helmet. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tarsus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Cilicia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire, Pharnabazus II (Achaemenid Persian Satrap in Asia Minor, c. 413-374 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 385 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 383 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 10.75 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | double siglos
|
StandardStandard.: | Persian |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Moysey 1986, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Callataÿ 2000b | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 273 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 19 | 1 | 100 | 19 | 100 | 1 |
| Total | 1 of 1 | 100 | 19 of 19 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 1 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 6 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 19 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 19 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.17 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 6 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 0.98 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 19,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 1.06 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00097 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 38,775.51 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 211 kg <br /> 211 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 96,938.78 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military Moysey 1986: 1 obv. for 7 coins
References
- ^ Moysey, Robert A. (1986), "The Silver Issues of Pharnabazos and Datames from the Mint of Tarsus in Cilicia", American Numismatic Society Museum Notes, 31, p. 7-61, pl. 1-5.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2000), "Les monnayages ciliciens du premier quart du IVe s. av. J.-C.", dans O. Casabonne (éd.), Mécanismes et innovations monétaires dans l'Anatolie achéménide, Numismatique et histoire. Actes de la Table Ronde Internationale d'Istanbul, 22-23 mai 1997, Paris, p. 93-127, pl IX-XV.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
