Taras, silver, didrachms (500-480 BCE)
From SILVER
500 BCE - 480 BCE Silver 3,589 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | TAPAΣ (Greek).Taras astride dolphin to right, holding octopus in his right hand and phiale in his extended left, TAPAΣ (partially retrograde) above |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | TAPAΣ (Greek).Hippocamp swimming to right, scallop shell below, TAPAΣ above, incuse radiating border around. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Taras | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Calabria | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 500 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 480 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.95 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 1999, groupes 2-3 (varieties 17-69: O8-O30 and R13-R53). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 224, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 19, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 827, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 753 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 2 | 1 | 4.35 | 2 | 0.52 | 17 |
| 4 | 1 | 4.35 | 4 | 1.03 | 16 |
| 5 | 1 | 4.35 | 5 | 1.29 | 29 |
| 6 | 1 | 4.35 | 6 | 1.55 | 22 |
| 8 | 1 | 4.35 | 8 | 2.06 | 20 |
| 11 | 1 | 4.35 | 11 | 2.84 | 21 |
| 12 | 3 | 13.04 | 36 | 9.28 | 14, 15, 27 |
| 16 | 1 | 4.35 | 16 | 4.12 | 28 |
| 17 | 2 | 8.7 | 34 | 8.76 | 8, 9 |
| 18 | 1 | 4.35 | 18 | 4.64 | 10 |
| 20 | 3 | 13.04 | 60 | 15.46 | 12, 19, 23 |
| 23 | 2 | 8.7 | 46 | 11.86 | 26, 30 |
| 25 | 1 | 4.35 | 25 | 6.44 | 13 |
| 26 | 2 | 8.7 | 52 | 13.4 | 11, 25 |
| 29 | 1 | 4.35 | 29 | 7.47 | 18 |
| 36 | 1 | 4.35 | 36 | 9.28 | 24 |
| Total | 23 of 23 | 100.03 | 388 of 388 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 23 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 41 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 388 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 16.87 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 9.46 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.78 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 22.57 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 451,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 24.45 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00086 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 34,381.92 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,589 kg <br /> 3,589 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 85,954.81 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (1999), Chronologie der Didrachmenprägung von Tarent, 510-280 v. Chr., Berlin, De Gruyter, xvii, 495 p., [84] pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
