Taras, silver, didrachms (480-450 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 450 BCE Silver 6,044 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | TAPAΣ (Greek).Taras astride dolphin right, left hand outstretched, scallop shell below, dotted border on raised band |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Female head left (Satyra?), within linear circle, all within incuse circle |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Taras | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Calabria | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 450 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.95 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 1999, groups 4-9 (varieties 70-133 : O31-O69 et R54-R91). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 223 and 225, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 20, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 838 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 5.26 | 2 | 0.43 | 58, 67 |
| 2 | 4 | 10.53 | 8 | 1.73 | 36, 42, 54, 59 |
| 3 | 4 | 10.53 | 12 | 2.6 | 53, 61, 63, 66 |
| 4 | 1 | 2.63 | 4 | 0.87 | 46 |
| 5 | 1 | 2.63 | 5 | 1.08 | 52 |
| 6 | 2 | 5.26 | 12 | 2.6 | 47, 57 |
| 7 | 3 | 7.89 | 21 | 4.55 | 35, 38, 68 |
| 8 | 2 | 5.26 | 16 | 3.46 | 34, 37 |
| 10 | 2 | 5.26 | 20 | 4.33 | 48, 51 |
| 11 | 1 | 2.63 | 11 | 2.38 | 40 |
| 12 | 3 | 7.89 | 36 | 7.79 | 43, 50, 60 |
| 14 | 3 | 7.89 | 42 | 9.09 | 31, 65, 69 |
| 16 | 2 | 5.26 | 32 | 6.93 | 32, 62 |
| 17 | 1 | 2.63 | 17 | 3.68 | 45 |
| 19 | 1 | 2.63 | 19 | 4.11 | 33 |
| 20 | 1 | 2.63 | 20 | 4.33 | 55 |
| 24 | 2 | 5.26 | 48 | 10.39 | 39, 64 |
| 34 | 1 | 2.63 | 34 | 7.36 | 56 |
| 48 | 1 | 2.63 | 48 | 10.39 | 49 |
| 55 | 1 | 2.63 | 55 | 11.9 | 41 |
| Total | 38 of 38 | 99.96 | 462 of 462 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 38 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 38 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 462 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 12.16 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 12.16 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5.26 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 38.01 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 760,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 41.41 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00061 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.57% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 24,309.39 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,044 kg <br /> 6,044 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 60,773.48 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (1999), Chronologie der Didrachmenprägung von Tarent, 510-280 v. Chr., Berlin, De Gruyter, xvii, 495 p., [84] pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
