Taras, silver, didrachms (450-415 BCE)
From SILVER
450 BCE - 415 BCE Silver 8,732 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | TAPAΣ (Greek).Dolphin rider l., with his r. hand outstretched, and an octopus in his l., beneath, a cockle-shell. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Taras seated l., balancing a spindle on the back of his r. hand, an aryballos hangs from his l. wrist |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Taras | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Calabria | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 450 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 415 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 1999, groups 10-18 (varieties 134-284 : O70-O128 et R92-R216). | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 329-331, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 21, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 844-848 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 8 | 13.56 | 8 | 0.89 | 72, 90, 100, 104, 105, 108, 115, 122 |
| 2 | 5 | 8.47 | 10 | 1.11 | 86, 87, 103, 112, 114 |
| 3 | 5 | 8.47 | 15 | 1.67 | 71, 93, 97, 102, 121 |
| 4 | 2 | 3.39 | 8 | 0.89 | 95, 96 |
| 5 | 2 | 3.39 | 10 | 1.11 | 92, 99 |
| 6 | 3 | 5.08 | 18 | 2.01 | 73, 74, 94 |
| 7 | 2 | 3.39 | 14 | 1.56 | 70, 76 |
| 8 | 1 | 1.69 | 8 | 0.89 | 75 |
| 10 | 1 | 1.69 | 10 | 1.11 | 107 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.69 | 12 | 1.34 | 80 |
| 13 | 1 | 1.69 | 13 | 1.45 | 91 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.69 | 14 | 1.56 | 84 |
| 15 | 3 | 5.08 | 45 | 5.02 | 79, 81, 109 |
| 16 | 3 | 5.08 | 48 | 5.35 | 82, 98, 128 |
| 17 | 1 | 1.69 | 17 | 1.9 | 88 |
| 18 | 1 | 1.69 | 18 | 2.01 | 110 |
| 19 | 1 | 1.69 | 19 | 2.12 | 89 |
| 20 | 1 | 1.69 | 20 | 2.23 | 85 |
| 21 | 2 | 3.39 | 42 | 4.68 | 78, 106 |
| 22 | 1 | 1.69 | 22 | 2.45 | 117 |
| 25 | 2 | 3.39 | 50 | 5.57 | 77, 126 |
| 26 | 1 | 1.69 | 26 | 2.9 | 111 |
| 27 | 1 | 1.69 | 27 | 3.01 | 119 |
| 30 | 1 | 1.69 | 30 | 3.34 | 120 |
| 32 | 1 | 1.69 | 32 | 3.57 | 118 |
| 35 | 1 | 1.69 | 35 | 3.9 | 83 |
| 42 | 1 | 1.69 | 42 | 4.68 | 124 |
| 43 | 2 | 3.39 | 86 | 9.59 | 116, 101 |
| 44 | 1 | 1.69 | 44 | 4.91 | 127 |
| 47 | 1 | 1.69 | 47 | 5.24 | 125 |
| 49 | 1 | 1.69 | 49 | 5.46 | 113 |
| 58 | 1 | 1.69 | 58 | 6.47 | 123 |
| Total | 59 of 59 | 99.88 | 897 of 897 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 59 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 125 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 897 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 7.18 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.12 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 13.56 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 58.21 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,164,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 63.15 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00077 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.11% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 30,819.45 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 8,732 kg <br /> 8,732 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 77,048.62 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military Obverse 101 is linked to differrent Groups (15, n° 204 and 18, n° 281-282)
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (1999), Chronologie der Didrachmenprägung von Tarent, 510-280 v. Chr., Berlin, De Gruyter, xvii, 495 p., [84] pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
