Taras, silver, didrachms (340-325 BCE)
From SILVER
340 BCE - 325 BCE Silver 7,717 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | (Greek).Nude rider on horseback to right, holding lance in right hand and shield with two javelins in left, KAΛ below, A-N-X around |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | TAPAΣ (Greek).Taras seated on dolphin to right, holding Phrygian helmet, KAΛ below, TAPAΣ upwards to left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Taras | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Calabria | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 340 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 325 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.85 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 1999, groups 50-62 (varieties 693-791 : O261-O309 et R540-R613) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 344-345 and 347, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 26, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 896, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 794 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 3 | 6.12 | 3 | 0.52 | 280, 283, 296 |
| 2 | 7 | 14.29 | 14 | 2.44 | 270, 273, 275, 286, 289, 292, 294 |
| 3 | 2 | 4.08 | 6 | 1.05 | 276, 299 |
| 4 | 8 | 16.33 | 32 | 5.58 | 269, 274, 277, 287, 291, 298, 300, 304 |
| 5 | 7 | 14.29 | 35 | 6.11 | 264, 271, 281, 288, 290, 295, 305 |
| 6 | 1 | 2.04 | 6 | 1.05 | 282 |
| 8 | 1 | 2.04 | 8 | 1.4 | 268 |
| 10 | 3 | 6.12 | 30 | 5.24 | 278, 284, 302 |
| 12 | 2 | 4.08 | 24 | 4.19 | 272, 285 |
| 13 | 3 | 6.12 | 39 | 6.81 | 279, 293, 297 |
| 16 | 1 | 2.04 | 16 | 2.79 | 267 |
| 18 | 1 | 2.04 | 18 | 3.14 | 263 |
| 19 | 1 | 2.04 | 19 | 3.32 | 307 |
| 20 | 1 | 2.04 | 20 | 3.49 | 301 |
| 27 | 1 | 2.04 | 27 | 4.71 | 306 |
| 28 | 1 | 2.04 | 28 | 4.89 | 261 |
| 29 | 1 | 2.04 | 29 | 5.06 | 265 |
| 30 | 2 | 4.08 | 60 | 10.47 | 308, 309 |
| 31 | 1 | 2.04 | 31 | 5.41 | 303 |
| 47 | 1 | 2.04 | 47 | 8.2 | 266 |
| 81 | 1 | 2.04 | 81 | 14.14 | 262 |
| Total | 49 of 49 | 99.99 | 573 of 573 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 49 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 3 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 74 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 573 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 11.69 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 7.74 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.51 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 6.12 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 49.15 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 983,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 53.58 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00058 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.48% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 23,316.38 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 7,717 kg <br /> 7,717 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 58,290.95 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (1999), Chronologie der Didrachmenprägung von Tarent, 510-280 v. Chr., Berlin, De Gruyter, xvii, 495 p., [84] pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
