Taras, gold, obols (1/12th staters) (320-272 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 9491

320 BCE - 272 BCE Gold 683 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Kopf des jugendlichen Herakles im Löwenfell rechts
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	TAPAN (G9) ; TAPAS (G34) ; TAPANTINΩN (G64) ; AΠOΛ (G70-71) (Greek).Delphinreiter n. links, in der Rechten Kantharos und in der Linken Dreizack haltend.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Taras

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Calabria

Modern countryModern country: Italy

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

320 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

272 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Gold

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

0.70

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

obol

, 1/12th stater

StandardStandard.:

Image

]]S 846 - Taras, gold, obol (1-12th staters) (320-272 BCE).jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 1999, p. 352-374, G9, G34, G46, G64, G71-72.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	2	40	2	2.08	40, 52
3	1	20	3	3.13	58
45	1	20	45	46.88	8
46	1	20	46	47.92	30
Total	5 of 5	100	96 of 96	100.01

Reverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	% (r)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	3	50	3	3.13	46;64;72
3	1	16.67	3	3.13	71
45	2	33.33	90	93.75	9;34
Total	6 of 6	100	96 of 96	100.01

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	5	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	6	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	96
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	19.2	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	16
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.2	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	%
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	4.88	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	97,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	5.27	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00098
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	39,344.26
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	683 kg <br /> 683 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	98,360.66

Remarks

Most likely one single workstation

References

^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (1999), Chronologie der Didrachmenprägung von Tarent, 510-280 v. Chr., Berlin, De Gruyter, xvii, 495 p., [84] pl.