Taras, gold, hemistaters (320-315 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 9654

320 BCE - 315 BCE Gold 8,322 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	TAPANTINΩN (G6-7) ; TAPA (G12-13) (Greek).TAPANTINΩN Head of Hera r., wearing stephane, triple-pendant earring and necklace, in l. field, E.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	TAPAΣ (G6-7) ; TAPANTINΩN (G27-33) (Greek).TAPAΣ Dolphin rider l., holding small dolphin on outstretched r. hand and trident in l., below, T – K.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Taras

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Calabria

Modern countryModern country: Italy

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

320 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

315 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Gold

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

4.25

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

hemistater

StandardStandard.:

Image

]]S 844 - Taras, gold, hemistater, 320-315 BC.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 1999, p. 350-363, G6-G7, G12-13, G27-33.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HN Italy, n° 902, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 1, n° 736
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/taras.bossert.1999.g12 https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/taras.bossert.1999.g13 https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/taras.bossert.1999.g7

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
4	2	20	8	4.55	23, 32
7	1	10	7	3.98	25
8	1	10	8	4.55	5
10	1	10	10	5.68	27
15	1	10	15	8.52	24
22	1	10	22	12.5	29
24	1	10	24	13.64	26
37	1	10	37	21.02	6
45	1	10	45	25.57	10
Total	10 of 10	100	176 of 176	100.01

Reverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	% (r)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
4	2	18.18	8	4.55	27;32
7	1	9.09	7	3.98	29
8	1	9.09	8	4.55	6
10	1	9.09	10	5.68	31
15	2	18.18	30	17.05	13;28
22	1	9.09	22	12.5	33
24	1	9.09	24	13.64	30
30	1	9.09	30	17.05	12
37	1	9.09	37	21.02	7
Total	11 of 11	99.99	176 of 176	100.02

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	10	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	11	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	176
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	17.6	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	16
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.1	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	%
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	9.79	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	195,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	10.6	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00090
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	35,955.06
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	8,322 kg <br /> 8,322 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	89,887.64

Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Likely military

References

^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (1999), Chronologie der Didrachmenprägung von Tarent, 510-280 v. Chr., Berlin, De Gruyter, xvii, 495 p., [84] pl.
^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm