Syracuse (Philistis), silver, tetradrachms (Philistis/Nike) (218-214 BCE)

218 BCE - 214 BCE Silver 20,620 kg

Obverse:	Diademed and veiled bust of Philistis to left, behind, grain ear
Reverse:	BAΣΙΛIΣΣΑΣ ΦΙΛΙΣΤΙΔΟΣ (Greek).Nike driving quadriga galloping to right, holding reins in both hands, above, KI, below the horses, thunderbolt

Sicily

218 BCE

214 BCE

Period: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Silver

13.30

tetradrachm

, 16 litrai

Die study reference:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 1997, p. 140-182, no. 15-219
Coin series reference:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 2, n° 1554-1556
Coin series web reference:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/syracuse.caltabiano 1997.15-90

Frequency ^ᵖ	Number of obverses ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coins (n)	% (n)	Die name
1	16	20.51	16		9(B1:E), 14(B1:E), 1(B1:ΣM?), 1(B:ΦΙ), 2(B1:ΦΙ), 1(B2:K), 11(B2:K), 6(B2:Φ-MI), 8(B2:Φ-MI), 3(B2:A-AΦ), 4(B2:A-AΦ), 7(B2:A-AΦ), 8(B2:A-AΦ), 9(B2:A-AΦ), 11(B:A-AΦ), 21(B:A-AΦ)
2	9	11.54	18		6(B1:E), 8(B1:E), 13(B1:E), 2(B2:K), 5(B2:K), 5(B2:Φ-MI), 12(B2:A-AΦ), 13(B2:A-AΦ), 14(B2:A-AΦ)
3	7	8.97	21		3(B1:E), 7(B1:E), 21(B1:), 1(B2:EY), 1(B2:Φ-MI), 4(B2:Φ-MI), 16(B2:A-AΦ)
4	3	3.85	12		6(B2:K), 15(B2:Φ-MI), 6(B2:A-AΦ)
5	3	3.85	15		19(B1:E), 12(B2:Φ-MI), 10(B2:A-AΦ)
6	4	5.13	24		10(B1:E), 20(B1:E), 1(B1:Σ), 2(B2:A-AΦ)
7	6	7.69	42		15(B1:E), 2(B1:Σ), 4(B2:K), 7(B2:Φ-MI), 1(B2:A-AΦ), 5(B2:A-AΦ)
8	1	1.28	8		14(B2:Φ-MI)
9	2	2.56	18		2(B2:Φ-MI), 17(B2:A-AΦ)
10	3	3.85	30		1(B1:E), 3(B2:K), 13(B2:Φ-MI)
11	1	1.28	11		4(B1:E)
12	2	2.56	24		18(B1:E), 10(B2:K)
14	2	2.56	28		5(B1:E), 18(B2:Φ-MI)
16	1	1.28	16		16(B2:Φ-MI)
18	1	1.28	18		20(B2:A-AΦ)
19	2	2.56	38		2(B1:E), 3(B2:Φ-MI)
21	1	1.28	21		16(B1:E)
22	2	2.56	44		11(B2:Φ-MI), 19(B2:A-AΦ)
23	1	1.28	23		10(B2:Φ-MI)
25	1	1.28	25		19(B2:Φ-MI)
29	1	1.28	29		17(B2:Φ-MI)
30	1	1.28	30		15 (B2:A-AΦ)
32	1	1.28	32		9 (B2:Φ-MI)
41	1	1.28	41		7(B2:K)
46	1	1.28	46		18(B2:A-AΦ)
65	1	1.28	65		9(B2:K)
70	1	1.28	70		8(B2:K)
82	1	1.28	82		12(B1:E)
92	1	1.28	92		11(B1:E)
108	1	1.28	108		17(B1:E)
Total	78 of 78	99.95	1047 of 1,047

no distribution is available

Number of obverses ^ᵖ (o)	78	Number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	16
Number of reverse dies (r)	165	Number of coins (n)	1047
Coins per obverse die (n/o)	13.42	Coins per reverse die (n/r)	6.35
Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o)	2.12	Percentage of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	20.51 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ^ᵖ	77.52	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ^ᵖ	1,550,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ^ᵖ (O)	84.28	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ^ᵖ	0.00068
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	98.47%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ^ᵖ	27,012.38
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ^ᵖ	20,620 kg <br /> 20,620 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ^ᵖ	67,530.96

Most likely more than 2 workstations Likely military

References

^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria - Carroccio, Benedetto - Oteri, Emilia (1997), Siracusa ellenistica. Le monete ‘regali’ di Ierone II, della sua famiglia e dei Siracusani, Messina, 1997, 255 p., liii pl.
^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.