Syracuse (Hieronymus), gold, 25 litrai (Persephone/thunderbolt) (215-214 BCE)
From SILVER
215 BCE - 214 BCE Gold 4,079 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Persephone left, head wreathed in grain ears |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ IEPΩNYMOY (Greek).Winged thunderbolt, XA above |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Hieronymus of Syracuse (tyrant of Syracuse, 215-214 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 215 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 214 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.12 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 25 litra, hemidrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Holloway 1969 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 992, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 47 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 50 | 2 | 33.33 | 25;26 |
| 2 | 2 | 50 | 4 | 66.67 | 2;20 |
| Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 6 of 6 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 5 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 6 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.2 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.25 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 9.62 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 192,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 12 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 66.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,247.4 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,079 kg <br /> 4,079 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,118.5 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Holloway, Ross R. (1969), The Thirteen-Months Coinage of Hieronymos of Syracuse, AMUGS, III, Berlin, 47 p., 12 pl., 27.5 cm
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
