Syracuse (Hicetas), gold, hemistaters (Persephone/Nike driving biga) (279-278 BCE)
From SILVER
279 BCE - 278 BCE Gold 4,905 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ (Greek).Head of Persephone to left, wearing wreath of grain ears, single-pendant earring and pearl necklace, behind her neck, grain ear. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΕΠΙ ΙΚΕΤΑ (Greek).Nike driving biga galloping to right, holding kentron in her right hand and reins in her left, above, star, below horses, thunderbolt |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Hicetas (tyrant of Syracuse, 288-279 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 279 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 278 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.25 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemistater | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Buttrey 19731 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2 , RQEMH3 , SNG ANS 5 Sicily4 , HGC 25 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
6 | 1 | 16.67 | 6 | 3.41 | 5 |
10 | 1 | 16.67 | 10 | 5.68 | 2 |
16 | 1 | 16.67 | 16 | 9.09 | 1 |
22 | 1 | 16.67 | 22 | 12.5 | 5 |
60 | 1 | 16.67 | 60 | 34.09 | 3 |
62 | 1 | 16.67 | 62 | 35.23 | 4 |
Total | 6 of 6 | 100.02 | 176 of 176 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 20 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 176 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 29.33 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 8.8 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 5.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 115,400 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 6.21 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00153 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 61,005.2 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,905 kg <br /> 4,905 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 152,513 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations Certainly military
References
- ^ Buttrey, Theodore V. (1973), "The Morgantina Gold Hoard and the Coinage of Hicetas", The Numismatic Chronicle, 7 (13), p. 1-17, pl. 1-2.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum ANS 5. The Collection of the American Numismatic Society. Sicily 3. Syracuse-Siceliotes, New York, 1988,
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.