Syracuse (Democracy), silver, dichalkoi (Heracles/XII) (216-214 BCE)
From SILVER
216 BCE - 214 BCE Silver 139 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed and draped bust of Herakles to right, behind, club. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΟΙ (Greek).Large XII, ΣYPAKOΣIOI above, K below |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | The Syracusans |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 216 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 214 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | dichalkon
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Caccamo Caltabiano - Carroccio - Oteri 1997, p. 212-213, n° 325-330. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2SNG ANS 5 Sicily, n° 1400 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 80 | 4 | 57.14 | 1, 3, 4, 5 |
| 3 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 42.86 | 2 |
| Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 7 of 7 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 6 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 7 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.4 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.17 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 80 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 13.93 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 278,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 17.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 42.86% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,005.03 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 139 kg <br /> 139 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 2,512.56 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria - Carroccio, Benedetto - Oteri, Emilia (1997), Siracusa ellenistica. Le monete ‘regali’ di Ierone II, della sua famiglia e dei Siracusani, Messina, 1997, 255 p., liii pl.
- ^ Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum ANS 5. The Collection of the American Numismatic Society. Sicily 3. Syracuse-Siceliotes, New York, 1988,
