Syracuse (Democracy), silver, 12 litrai (Athena/standing Artemis) (214-212 BCE)
From SILVER
214 BCE - 212 BCE Silver 2,816 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena l., wearing crested Corinthian helmet decorated with griffin on bowl |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ (Greek).Artemis, wearing hunting dress, hunting boots, and with a quiver over her shoulder, standing to left, drawing her bow, at her feet, hunting dog leaping to left, in the field to left, ΥΑ/ΣΛ |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 214 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 212 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 10.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 12 litrai
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Burnett 1983 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 997 and 1000, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 53, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4SNG ANS 5 Sicily, n° 1040. HGC 2, n° 1412 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 2 | 1 | 7.14 | 2 | 1.1 | 11 |
| 3 | 2 | 14.29 | 6 | 3.3 | 4, 7 |
| 4 | 2 | 14.29 | 8 | 4.4 | 1, 12 |
| 6 | 1 | 7.14 | 6 | 3.3 | 2 |
| 8 | 1 | 7.14 | 8 | 4.4 | 6 |
| 9 | 2 | 14.29 | 18 | 9.89 | 13, 14 |
| 12 | 1 | 7.14 | 12 | 6.59 | 8 |
| 15 | 1 | 7.14 | 15 | 8.24 | 3 |
| 20 | 1 | 7.14 | 20 | 10.99 | 9 |
| 37 | 1 | 7.14 | 37 | 20.33 | 5 |
| 50 | 1 | 7.14 | 50 | 27.47 | 10 |
| Total | 14 of 14 | 99.99 | 182 of 182 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 14 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 0 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 24 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 182 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 13 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 7.58 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.71 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 13.94 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 278,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 15.17 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00065 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 26,111.91 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,816 kg <br /> 2,816 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 65,279.77 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Burnett, Andrew M. (1983), "The Enna hoard and the silver coinage of the Syracusan Democracy", Revue Suisse de Numismatique, 62, p. 5-26, pl. 1-10.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum ANS 5. The Collection of the American Numismatic Society. Sicily 3. Syracuse-Siceliotes, New York, 1988,
