Syracuse ('third democracy'), silver, litrae (Arethusa/octopus) (320-317 BCE)
From SILVER
320 BCE - 317 BCE Silver 30 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Arethusa to left, hair in sphendone, EY and lion's head to left behind |
| Reverse: | ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΩΝ around (Greek).Octopus |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Syracuse | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: | Timoleon of Corinth (411-337 BCE) |
Chronology
| From | 320 BCE | to | 317 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 0.70 | Denomination: | litra
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Hochard 2022, p. 72, n° 36 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 966, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 2, n° 1382 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 8.33 | 64 |
| 11 | 1 | 50 | 11 | 91.67 | 65 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 12 of 12 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 4 | Number of coins (n) | 12 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 6 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 2 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 50 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 2.15 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 43,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 2.4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00028 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 91.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 11,162.79 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 30 kg <br /> 30 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 27,906.98 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Hochard, Pierre-Olivier (2022), "Le monnayage d'or et d'argent de Syracuse sous Timoléon et la "Troisième démocratie" ", Revue Numismatique, 179, p. 17-81.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
