Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (quadriga/Arethusa) (425-413 BCE) (Fischer-Bossert)
From SILVER
425 BCE - 413 BCE Silver 4,569 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Fast quadriga r., the standing driver holds the kentron in his r. hand, three of the for reins with his l. hand, the fourth rein dragging between the forelegs of the horses, the driver is crowned by Nike flying l., on the exergual line, signature ΕΥΑΙΝΕΤΟ in tiny letters, in exergue, broken wheel |
| Reverse: | ΣYPAKOΣION, ΣYPAKOΣIOΣ or ΣYPAKOΣIΩΝ (Greek).Head of Arethusa l., hair in ampyx and sphendone decorated with stars, wearing double-hooked earring and necklace, signature ΕΥΚΛΕΙ on the lower border of the sphendone, around, four dolphins |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Syracuse | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 425 BCE | to | 413 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 17.10 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Fischer-Bossert 2017, p. 120-146 (O1-O14) | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Tudeer 1913 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 7.14 | 1 | 0.18 | 3 |
| 10 | 1 | 7.14 | 10 | 1.78 | 4 |
| 11 | 1 | 7.14 | 11 | 1.95 | 6 |
| 18 | 1 | 7.14 | 18 | 3.2 | 5 |
| 29 | 2 | 14.29 | 58 | 10.3 | 7, 13 |
| 30 | 1 | 7.14 | 30 | 5.33 | 2+ |
| 34 | 1 | 7.14 | 34 | 6.04 | 1 |
| 38 | 1 | 7.14 | 38 | 6.75 | 8+ |
| 55 | 1 | 7.14 | 55 | 9.77 | 9 |
| 57 | 2 | 14.29 | 114 | 20.25 | 10, 11 |
| 89 | 1 | 7.14 | 89 | 15.81 | 12 |
| 105 | 1 | 7.14 | 105 | 18.65 | 14 |
| Total | 14 of 14 | 99.98 | 563 of 563 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 14 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 27 | Number of coins (n) | 563 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 40.21 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 20.85 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.93 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 7.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 13.36 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 267,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 14.36 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00211 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.82% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 84,281.44 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 4,569 kg <br /> 4,569 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 210,703.59 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (2017), Coins, Artists, and Tyrants. Syracuse in the Time of the Peloponnesian War, Numismatic Studies 33, New York, The American Numismatic Society, 371 p., 27 pl., 30 cm.
- ^ Tudeer, Lauri O. Th. (1913), Die Tetradrachmenprägung von Syrakus in der Periode der Signierenden Künstler, Berlin, 292 p. : ill., VII pl. ; 24 cm.
