Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (quadriga/Arethusa) (425-413 BCE) (Fischer-Bossert)
From SILVER
425 BCE - 413 BCE Silver 4,569 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Fast quadriga r., the standing driver holds the kentron in his r. hand, three of the for reins with his l. hand, the fourth rein dragging between the forelegs of the horses, the driver is crowned by Nike flying l., on the exergual line, signature ΕΥΑΙΝΕΤΟ in tiny letters, in exergue, broken wheel |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣYPAKOΣION, ΣYPAKOΣIOΣ or ΣYPAKOΣIΩΝ (Greek).Head of Arethusa l., hair in ampyx and sphendone decorated with stars, wearing double-hooked earring and necklace, signature ΕΥΚΛΕΙ on the lower border of the sphendone, around, four dolphins |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 425 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 413 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S 1077 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachm, 425-413 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Fischer-Bossert 20171Fischer-Bossert 2017, p. 120-146 (O1-O14) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Tudeer 19132Tudeer 1913 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 7.14 | 1 | 0.18 | 3 |
| 10 | 1 | 7.14 | 10 | 1.78 | 4 |
| 11 | 1 | 7.14 | 11 | 1.95 | 6 |
| 18 | 1 | 7.14 | 18 | 3.2 | 5 |
| 29 | 2 | 14.29 | 58 | 10.3 | 7, 13 |
| 30 | 1 | 7.14 | 30 | 5.33 | 2+ |
| 34 | 1 | 7.14 | 34 | 6.04 | 1 |
| 38 | 1 | 7.14 | 38 | 6.75 | 8+ |
| 55 | 1 | 7.14 | 55 | 9.77 | 9 |
| 57 | 2 | 14.29 | 114 | 20.25 | 10, 11 |
| 89 | 1 | 7.14 | 89 | 15.81 | 12 |
| 105 | 1 | 7.14 | 105 | 18.65 | 14 |
| Total | 14 of 14 | 99.98 | 563 of 563 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 14 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 27 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 563 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 40.21 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 20.85 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.93 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 7.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 13.36 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 267,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 14.36 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00211 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.82% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 84,281.44 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,569 kg <br /> 4,569 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 210,703.59 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Fischer-Bossert, Wolfgang (2017), Coins, Artists, and Tyrants. Syracuse in the Time of the Peloponnesian War, Numismatic Studies 33, New York, The American Numismatic Society, 371 p., 27 pl., 30 cm.
- ^ Tudeer, Lauri O. Th. (1913), Die Tetradrachmenprägung von Syrakus in der Periode der Signierenden Künstler, Berlin, 292 p. : ill., VII pl. ; 24 cm.
