Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (charioteer driving quadriga/Arethusa and four dolphins) (474-450 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER ID ^ᵖ: 8179

474 BCE - 450 BCE Silver 24,428 kg

Description

Obverse:	Charioteer driving walking quadriga to right, holding reins with both hands, Nike above, flying left to crown charioteer with wreath, ketos to right in exergue
Reverse:	ΣYPAKOΣION (Greek).Head of Arethusa to right within linear circle, wearing simple earring and bead necklace, hair tied at back with pearl headband, ΣVRAKOΣION and four dolphins swimming clockwise around

Mint and issuing power

Mint:

Syracuse

Ancient region:

Sicily

Modern country: Italy

Authority:

Hieron I of Syracuse

Chronology

From

474 BCE

to

450 BCE

Period: Classical 480-323 BC

Physical description

Metal:

Silver

Median weight in grams

17.15

Denomination:

tetradrachm

Standard:

Attic

Image

]]AC 93 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (474-450 BCE).jpg [1]

References

Die study reference:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Boehringer 1929, p. 190-252, n° 408-414, 434-448, 468-496, 498-547, 554-590, 592-605, 628-635, 640-662, 666-712, 719-728.
Coin series reference:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 923-926, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 93, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 1310
Coin series web reference:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/syracuse.boerhinger 1929.409-414 434-448 469-496 498-499 554-584 https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/syracuse.boerhinger 1929.595-604

Obverse dies distribution

Frequency ᵖ	Number of obverses ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coins (n)	% (n)	Die name
1	3	4.11	3		213, 235, 265
2	1	1.37	2		236
3	3	4.11	9		252, 261, 290
4	4	5.48	16		254, 260, 264, 330
5	3	4.11	15		234, 333, 340
6	1	1.37	6		232
7	1	1.37	7		320
8	2	2.74	16		266, 283
9	3	4.11	27		267;276;288
10	2	2.74	20		211, 360
11	1	1.37	11		341
12	1	1.37	12		332
13	3	4.11	39		212, 263, 358
14	2	2.74	28		259, 293
15	3	4.11	45		257, 343, 356
16	2	2.74	32		255, 256
17	2	2.74	34		346, 347
18	1	1.37	18		286
19	1	1.37	19		354
20	3	4.11	60		329, 344, 359
21	2	2.74	42		269, 272
22	2	2.74	44		282, 328
24	3	4.11	72		287, 331, 355
25	3	4.11	75		253, 284, 339
26	1	1.37	26		345
27	1	1.37	27		275
28	1	1.37	28		270
29	1	1.37	29		337
30	3	4.11	90		258, 274, 291
31	2	2.74	62		268, 327
32	2	2.74	64		295, 321
33	1	1.37	33		285
36	2	2.74	72		294, 342
40	1	1.37	40		271
43	2	2.74	86		273, 296
44	1	1.37	44		289
45	1	1.37	45		319
46	1	1.37	46		233
53	1	1.37	53		326
Total	73 of 73	100.01	1397 of 1,397

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obverses ᵖ (o)	73	Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	3
Number of reverse dies (r)	143	Number of coins (n)	1397
Coins per obverse die (n/o)	19.14	Coins per reverse die (n/r)	9.77
Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o)	1.96	Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ	4.11 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ	71.22	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ	1,424,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O)	77.02	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ	0.00098
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O)	99.79%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ	39,230.55
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ	24,428 kg <br /> 24,428 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ	98,076.38

Remarks

Likely military