Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (biga/Arethusa) (490-485 BCE)
From SILVER
490 BCE - 485 BCE Silver 1,646 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Slow biga r., the charioteer wearing long chiton and holding reins with his l. hand, kentron in his r. hand, above, Nike flying r. to crown horses |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣYPAKOΣION (Greek).Head of Arethusa r., wearing pearl diadem and necklace, hair looped in the back into a thin band, around, four dolphins |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 490 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 485 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.15 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
.jpg)
AC 88 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (490-485 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Boehringer 19291Boehringer 1929, p. 117-124, n° 34-49 et 55-61. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Boehringer 19291Boehringer 1929, p. 117-124, n° 34-49 et 55-61, Sear I2Sear I, n° 737, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 88 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 20 | 1 | 20 | 20 | 12.9 | 30 |
| 21 | 1 | 20 | 21 | 13.55 | 31 |
| 26 | 1 | 20 | 26 | 16.77 | 25 |
| 42 | 1 | 20 | 42 | 27.1 | 26 |
| 46 | 1 | 20 | 46 | 29.68 | 27 |
| Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 155 of 155 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 18 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 155 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 31 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 8.61 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.6 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.8 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 96,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 5.17 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00161 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 64,583.33 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,646 kg <br /> 1,646 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 161,458.33 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- a b Boehringer, Erich (1929), Die Münzen von Syrakus, Berlin-Leipzig, vi, [2], 297 p. : ill. and portfolio of 32 pl. ; 28 cm
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
