Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (biga/Arethusa) (490-485 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 8144


490 BCE - 485 BCE Silver 1,646 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: Slow biga r., the charioteer wearing long chiton and holding reins with his l. hand, kentron in his r. hand, above, Nike flying r. to crown horses
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΣYPAKOΣION (Greek).Head of Arethusa r., wearing pearl diadem and necklace, hair looped in the back into a thin band, around, four dolphins
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Syracuse Ancient regionAncient region.: Sicily Modern countryModern country: Italy AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 490 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 485 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 17.15 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: tetradrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.: Attic
Image
AC 88 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (490-485 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Boehringer 19291Boehringer 1929, p. 117-124, n° 34-49 et 55-61.
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Boehringer 19291Boehringer 1929, p. 117-124, n° 34-49 et 55-61, Sear I2Sear I, n° 737, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 88
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
20 1 20 20 12.9 30
21 1 20 21 13.55 31
26 1 20 26 16.77 25
42 1 20 42 27.1 26
46 1 20 46 29.68 27
Total 5 of 5 100 155 of 155 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 5 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. 
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 18 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 155
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 31 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 8.61
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 3.6 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  4.8 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  96,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 5.17 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00161
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) % Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  64,583.33
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  1,646 kg <br /> 1,646 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  161,458.33
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation

References

  1. a b  Boehringer, Erich (1929), Die Münzen von Syrakus, Berlin-Leipzig, vi, [2], 297 p. : ill. and portfolio of 32 pl. ; 28 cm
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.