Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (biga/Arethusa) (485-479 BCE)

Die Studies Database

SILVER ID ^ᵖ: 7844

485 BCE - 479 BCE Silver 50,603 kg

Description

Obverse:	Slow quadriga driven r. by bearded charioteer, above Nike flying r. to crown horses
Reverse:	ΣYPAKOΣION (Greek).SVR - A - KOS - IO - N Head of Arethusa r., wearing pearl headband and pearl necklace, hair tucked up behind headband, four dolphins and legend around

Mint and issuing power

Mint:

Syracuse

Ancient region:

Sicily

Modern country: Italy

Authority:

Chronology

From

485 BCE

to

479 BCE

Period: Classical 480-323 BC

Physical description

Metal:

Silver

Median weight in grams

17.15

Denomination:

tetradrachm

Standard:

Attic

Image

]]AC 90 - Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (485-479 BCE).jpg [1]

References

Die study reference:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Boehringer 1929, p. 124-190, n° 62-95, 102-278, 292-355, 379-391
Coin series reference:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Boehringer 1929, p. 124-190, n° 62-95, 102-278, 292-355, 379-391, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 913-914 and 920, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 90, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 1306
Coin series web reference:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/syracuse.boerhinger 1929.55-278 293-355

Obverse dies distribution

Frequency ᵖ	Number of obverses ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coins (n)	% (n)	Die name
1	13	9.35	13	1.41	40, 68, 86, 98, 113, 118, 124, 128, 140, 141, 148, 160, 194
2	10	7.19	20	2.16	39, 77, 83, 101, 105, 123, 127, 154, 161, 197
3	11	7.91	33	3.57	52, 57, 79, 99, 107, 122, 129, 144, 153, 157, 173
4	14	10.07	56	6.06	43, 59, 63, 89, 109, 112, 117, 142, 146, 149, 150, 167, 172, 174
5	14	10.07	70	7.58	34, 38, 42, 69, 78, 92, 103, 114, 119, 125, 155, 165, 171, 175
6	18	12.95	108	11.69	33, 51, 54, 70, 71, 74, 84, 85, 91, 104, 111, 116, 120, 126, 139, 145, 159, 176
7	9	6.47	63	6.82	64, 66, 75, 81, 88, 90, 108, 158, 169
8	13	9.35	104	11.26	37, 41, 44, 48, 55, 56, 61, 62, 80, 94, 143, 147, 170
9	7	5.04	63	6.82	50, 58, 67, 115, 152, 163, 168
10	7	5.04	70	7.58	49, 53, 60, 76, 100, 106, 121
11	8	5.76	88	9.52	45, 72, 82, 93, 102, 110, 195, 198
12	3	2.16	36	3.9	65, 73, 156
13	3	2.16	39	4.22	47, 164, 166
14	1	0.72	14	1.52	87
15	3	2.16	45	4.87	35, 162, 196
16	1	0.72	16	1.73	151
17	1	0.72	17	1.84	95
19	1	0.72	19	2.06	97
22	1	0.72	22	2.38	36
28	1	0.72	28	3.03	32
Total	139 of 139	100	924 of 924	100.02

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obverses ᵖ (o)	139	Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ	13
Number of reverse dies (r)	203	Number of coins (n)	924
Coins per obverse die (n/o)	6.65	Coins per reverse die (n/r)	4.55
Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o)	1.46	Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ	9.35 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ	147.53	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ	2,950,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O)	163.61	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ	0.00031
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O)	98.59%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ	12,526.27
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ	50,603 kg <br /> 50,603 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ	31,315.66

Remarks

Likely military