Syracuse, silver, decadrachms (quadriga/Arethusa Evainetos) (404-400 BCE)
From SILVER
404 BCE - 400 BCE Silver 20,351 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Racing quadriga driven left by charioteer, reins in left hand, kentron in right, Nike flying right in field above to crown him, military arms, including aspis (shield), greaves, cuirass, and crested Attic helmet, all joined by horizontal spear, ΑΘΛΑ ("prizes") below all in exergue, dotted border |
| Reverse: | ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Head of Arethusa left, hair wreathed in barley ears, wearing triple pendant earring and beaded necklace, four dolphins swimming around, shell turned downward with eight scallops behind head, die-engraver's signature EY-AINE below bottom dolphin, dotted border |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Syracuse | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 404 BCE | to | 400 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 43.30 | Denomination: | decadrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
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References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Gallatin 1930 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 953, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 99, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 1299 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 4.17 | 1 | 0.24 | 1 |
| 2 | 3 | 12.5 | 6 | 1.42 | 18, 20, 24 |
| 3 | 1 | 4.17 | 3 | 0.71 | 13 |
| 4 | 1 | 4.17 | 4 | 0.94 | 5 |
| 5 | 1 | 4.17 | 5 | 1.18 | 16 |
| 7 | 2 | 8.33 | 14 | 3.3 | 10, 19 |
| 11 | 2 | 8.33 | 22 | 5.19 | 12, 17 |
| 13 | 1 | 4.17 | 13 | 3.07 | 15 |
| 14 | 2 | 8.33 | 28 | 6.6 | 21, 23 |
| 15 | 1 | 4.17 | 15 | 3.54 | 2 |
| 20 | 2 | 8.33 | 40 | 9.43 | 7, 8 |
| 23 | 1 | 4.17 | 23 | 5.42 | 22 |
| 25 | 1 | 4.17 | 25 | 5.9 | 11 |
| 37 | 1 | 4.17 | 37 | 8.73 | 6 |
| 42 | 1 | 4.17 | 42 | 9.91 | 3 |
| 44 | 1 | 4.17 | 44 | 10.38 | 14 |
| 48 | 1 | 4.17 | 48 | 11.32 | 4 |
| 54 | 1 | 4.17 | 54 | 12.74 | 9 |
| Total | 24 of 24 | 100.03 | 424 of 424 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 24 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 44 | Number of coins (n) | 424 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 17.67 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 9.64 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.83 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 4.17 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 23.5 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 470,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 25.44 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00090 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.76% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 36,085.11 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 20,351 kg <br /> 20,351 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 90,212.77 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Gallatin, Albert (1930), Syracusan Dekadrachms of the Euainetos Type, Cambridge, 53 p., XII pl., 32 cm.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
