Syracuse, gold, 50 litrai (male head/horse) (405-400 BCE)
From SILVER
405 BCE - 400 BCE Gold 2,738 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Young male head facing left, partial letters behind |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Free horse prancing right, [[Reverse description::[ΣYPA]KOΣIΩ[N] below two fine exergue lines]] |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Syracuse | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Dionysius I of Syracuse (tyrant of Syracuse, c. 400-367 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 405 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 400 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.87 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | 50 litrai
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bérend 1993 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 951, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 97, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 1281 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 0.49 | 3 |
| 7 | 1 | 20 | 7 | 3.43 | 5 |
| 34 | 1 | 20 | 34 | 16.67 | 2 |
| 62 | 1 | 20 | 62 | 30.39 | 1 |
| 100 | 1 | 20 | 100 | 49.02 | 4 |
| Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 204 of 204 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 6 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 204 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 40.8 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 34 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.2 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 95,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 5.13 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00214 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.51% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 85,534.59 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,738 kg <br /> 2,738 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 213,836.48 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Berend, Denyse (1993), "Le monnayage d’or de syracuse sous Denys I", in La monetazione dell’età dionigiana, Atti dell’VIII convegno del Centro Internazionale di Studi Numismatici, Napoli 29 maggio-1 giugno 1983, Rome, p. 91-143, pl. 4-11.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
