Syracuse, gold, 100 litrai (Arethusa/Heracles) (405-400 BCE)
From SILVER
405 BCE - 400 BCE Gold 30,427 kg
Description
| Obverse: | ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Head of the nymph Arethusa l., wearing necklace, bar and triple-pendant earring, hair elaborately waved and caught up behind in sakkos ornamented with stars. Behind head, barley grain |
| Reverse: | ΣYPAKOΣIΩN (Greek).Naked young Heracles kneeling r. on rocky ground, head to front, strangling Nemean lion with both arms, on the strip of ground, barley grain |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Syracuse | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 405 BCE | to | 400 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Gold
|
Median weight in grams | 5.80 | Denomination: | 100 litrai
|
Standard: |
Image
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References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Bérend 1993 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 950, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 96, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 1288 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 6 | 23.08 | 6 | 2.13 | 3, 9, 12, 19, 21, 26 |
| 2 | 2 | 7.69 | 4 | 1.42 | 14, 18 |
| 3 | 1 | 3.85 | 3 | 1.06 | 6 |
| 4 | 2 | 7.69 | 8 | 2.84 | 4, 16 |
| 5 | 1 | 3.85 | 5 | 1.77 | 5 |
| 7 | 2 | 7.69 | 14 | 4.96 | 10, 20 |
| 8 | 1 | 3.85 | 8 | 2.84 | 23 |
| 9 | 2 | 7.69 | 18 | 6.38 | 2, 7 |
| 11 | 1 | 3.85 | 11 | 3.9 | 25 |
| 13 | 1 | 3.85 | 13 | 4.61 | 1 |
| 16 | 1 | 3.85 | 16 | 5.67 | 17 |
| 17 | 2 | 7.69 | 34 | 12.06 | 8, 24 |
| 29 | 1 | 3.85 | 29 | 10.28 | 22 |
| 34 | 1 | 3.85 | 34 | 12.06 | 13 |
| 37 | 1 | 3.85 | 37 | 13.12 | 11 |
| 42 | 1 | 3.85 | 42 | 14.89 | 15 |
| Total | 26 of 26 | 100.03 | 282 of 282 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 26 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 23 | Number of coins (n) | 282 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 10.85 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 12.26 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 0.88 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 23.08 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 26.23 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 524,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 28.64 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00054 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 97.87% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 21,502.1 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 30,427 kg <br /> 30,427 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 53,755.24 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Berend, Denyse (1993), "Le monnayage d’or de syracuse sous Denys I", in La monetazione dell’età dionigiana, Atti dell’VIII convegno del Centro Internazionale di Studi Numismatici, Napoli 29 maggio-1 giugno 1983, Rome, p. 91-143, pl. 4-11.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
