Susa (Eumenes of Cardia), gold, staters (Athena/Nike) (319-317 BCE)
From SILVER
319 BCE - 317 BCE Gold 45,332 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Helmeted head of Athena right, sphinx on helmet |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡOΥ / ΒΑ-ΣΙΛΕΩΣ (Greek).Nike standing left, holding wreath and stylis, monograms below wings |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Susa | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mesopotamia | Modern countryModern country: Iran | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Eumenes of Cardia, Macedonian kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 319 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 317 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.55 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Taylor 2019b, p. 29-31 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Price 1991, n° 3825-6, 3828, 3831, 3835, 3838-9, 3841, 3844-5 and P207 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 9 | 45 | 9 | 16.36 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 |
| 3 | 5 | 25 | 15 | 27.27 | 9, 13, 16, 19, 20 |
| 4 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 7.27 | 15 |
| 5 | 4 | 20 | 20 | 36.36 | 5, 6, 11, 18 |
| 7 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 12.73 | 14 |
| Total | 20 of 20 | 100 | 55 of 55 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 20 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 9 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 32 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 55 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.75 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.72 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.6 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 45 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 26.51 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 530,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 31.43 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00010 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 83.64% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,149.38 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 45,332 kg <br /> 45,332 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 10,373.44 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
