Side, silver, tetradrachms (Athena/ Nike KΛE-YX) (183-40 BCE)
From SILVER
183 BCE - 40 BCE Silver 28,934 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena to right, wearing Corinthian helmet |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | KΛE-YX (Greek).Nike alighting to left, holding wreath in her outstretched right hand and fold of her drapery with her left, to left, pomegranate |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Side | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Pamphylia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 183 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 40 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S1900 Side tetradrachms KLEUCH.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Arslan - Lightfoot 19991Arslan - Lightfoot 1999, pl. 13-37 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 5436 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 15 | 18.75 | 15 | 4.1 | 30, 33, 34, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 |
| 2 | 14 | 17.5 | 28 | 7.65 | 18, 25, 28, 31, 32, 35, 36, 39, 41, 43, 52, 53, 74, 78 |
| 3 | 14 | 17.5 | 42 | 11.48 | 4, 7, 13, 15, 19, 20, 23, 29, 40, 46, 51, 61, 71, 73 |
| 4 | 9 | 11.25 | 36 | 9.84 | 2, 8, 10, 26, 37, 42, 66, 74, 75 |
| 5 | 6 | 7.5 | 30 | 8.2 | 12, 14, 16, 27, 44, 63 |
| 6 | 4 | 5 | 24 | 6.56 | 6, 11, 21, 65 |
| 7 | 2 | 2.5 | 14 | 3.83 | 45, 68 |
| 8 | 5 | 6.25 | 40 | 10.93 | 1, 3, 24, 63, 77 |
| 9 | 3 | 3.75 | 27 | 7.38 | 9, 22, 67 |
| 10 | 1 | 1.25 | 10 | 2.73 | 62 |
| 11 | 1 | 1.25 | 11 | 3.01 | 70 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.25 | 12 | 3.28 | 5 |
| 14 | 3 | 3.75 | 42 | 11.48 | 38, 72, 76 |
| 16 | 1 | 1.25 | 16 | 4.37 | 17 |
| 19 | 1 | 1.25 | 19 | 5.19 | 69 |
| Total | 80 of 80 | 100 | 366 of 366 | 100.03 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 80 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 15 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 210 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 366 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.58 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.74 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.63 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 18.75 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 90.42 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,808,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 102.38 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00020 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.9% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,095.55 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 28,934 kg <br /> 28,934 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 20,238.89 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military Obv. 47-50 are missing. This die study is built on a few hoards only and does not pretend to be complete
References
- ^ Arslan, Melih - Lighfoot, Chris (1999), Greek coins found in Turkey. The Antalya Archaeological Museum and the C.S. Okray Collection with additional material from the Burdur, Fethiye and Sinop Museums, Ankara, 46 p., 75 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
