Siculo-Punic (uncertain mint), silver, tetradrachms (300-289 BCE)
From SILVER
300 BCE - 289 BCE Silver 14,263 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Heracles-Melqart r., wearing lion's skin headdress. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (Punic).Head of horse l., below neck truncation, 'mhmhnt in Punic characters and behind, palm tree |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Siculo-Punic (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Carthaginian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 300 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 289 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
_(Carthaginian_empire),_silver,_tetradrachms_(320-289_BCE).jpg)
S 1532 - Entella (?) (Carthaginian empire), silver, tetradrachms (320-289 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Jenkins 19781Jenkins 1978, p. 23-35, n° 273-421 (O86-O126) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 22HGC 2, n° 293 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 6 | 14.63 | 6 | 1.59 | 86, 98, 99, 102, 114, 126 |
| 2 | 1 | 2.44 | 2 | 0.53 | 111 |
| 3 | 2 | 4.88 | 6 | 1.59 | 87, 88 |
| 4 | 3 | 7.32 | 12 | 3.18 | 100, 116, 125 |
| 5 | 1 | 2.44 | 5 | 1.33 | 94 |
| 6 | 4 | 9.76 | 24 | 6.37 | 89, 105, 108, 123 |
| 7 | 1 | 2.44 | 7 | 1.86 | 118 |
| 8 | 6 | 14.63 | 48 | 12.73 | 90, 92, 106, 107, 109, 122 |
| 9 | 2 | 4.88 | 18 | 4.77 | 95, 104 |
| 10 | 3 | 7.32 | 30 | 7.96 | 103, 110, 117 |
| 12 | 2 | 4.88 | 24 | 6.37 | 101, 120 |
| 13 | 2 | 4.88 | 26 | 6.9 | 91, 113 |
| 18 | 2 | 4.88 | 36 | 9.55 | 112, 124 |
| 19 | 3 | 7.32 | 57 | 15.12 | 96, 97, 121 |
| 22 | 1 | 2.44 | 22 | 5.84 | 115 |
| 24 | 1 | 2.44 | 24 | 6.37 | 33 |
| 30 | 1 | 2.44 | 30 | 7.96 | 119 |
| Total | 41 of 41 | 100.02 | 377 of 377 | 100.02 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 41 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 120 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 377 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 9.2 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.14 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.93 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 14.63 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 41.95 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 839,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 46 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00045 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.41% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 17,973.78 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 14,263 kg <br /> 14,263 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 44,934.45 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1978), "Coins of Punic Sicily. Part 4. Carthage Series 5-6", Schweizerische numismatische Rundschau, 57, p. 5-68, pl. 1-24.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
