Seleuceia ad Tigrim (Orodes II), silver, tetradrachms (Orodes/seated king) (57-38 BCE)
From SILVER
57 BCE - 38 BCE Silver 37,757 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed bust l., neck torque ends in sea horse |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (Greek).Orodes seated l., holding Nike, who crowns him with wreath, and sceptre |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Seleuceia ad Tigrim | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mesopotamia | Modern countryModern country: Iraq | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Parthian empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 57 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 38 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Callataÿ 1994c, p. 64-67 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sellwood 1980, n° 47-48 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 33 | 66 | 33 | 44.59 | 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 18, 20, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50 |
| 2 | 11 | 22 | 22 | 29.73 | 7, 13, 16, 22, 25, 28, 32, 35, 38, 43, 48 |
| 3 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20.27 | 3, 6, 19, 21, 39 |
| 4 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5.41 | 41 |
| Total | 50 of 50 | 100 | 74 of 74 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 50 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 33 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 59 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 74 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.48 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.25 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.18 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 66 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 123.39 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,467,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 154.17 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00003 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 55.41% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,199.45 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 37,757 kg <br /> 37,757 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 2,998.62 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1994), Les tétradrachmes d'Orodès II et de Phraate IV. Etude du rythme de leur production monétaire à la lumière d'une grande trouvaille, Studia Iranica 14, Paris, 96 p., 20 pl.
- ^ Sellwood, David (1980), An introduction to the coinage of Parthia, 2nd ed., London, Spink & Son, 322 p., 10 pl.
