Sardis (Eumenes II), silver, tetradrachms (Heracles/seated Zeus) (188-180 BCE)
From SILVER
188 BCE - 180 BCE Silver 1,086 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Head of Heracles right, wearing Nemean lion skin headdress. |
| Reverse: | ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ (Greek).Zeus seated left on throne, nude to the waist, holding eagle and scepter. Under the throne, monogram. In field, head of Tyche. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Sardis | Ancient region: | Lydia | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Attalid Kingdom, Eumenes II of Pergamum (Attalid king, 197-159 BC) |
Chronology
| From | 188 BCE | to | 180 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 16.70 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Hochard 2020, p. 354, series 1, no. 1813, tetradrachms. | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Price 1991, n° 2693 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 2 | 2 | 100 | 4 | 100 | 1, 2 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 4 of 4 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 2 | Number of coins (n) | 4 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 2 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 2 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 3.25 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 65,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 4 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00006 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 2,461.54 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 1,086 kg <br /> 1,086 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 6,153.85 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Hochard, Pierre-Olivier (2020), Lydie, terre d'empire(s): Etude de numismatique et d'histoire (228 a.C.-268 p.C.), 2 vol., Bordeaux, 2020, 1325 p.
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
