Sardis (Antiochus II), silver, tetradrachms (Antiochus I/seated Apollo) (261-246 BCE)
From SILVER
261 BCE - 246 BCE Silver 1,040 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head of Antiochus I right |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOΥ (Greek).Apollo wearing sandals, seated left on omphalos, holding two arrows and resting left hand on grounded bow |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sardis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Antiochus II Theos (Seleucid king, 261-246 BC), Seleucid Dynasty (312-63 BC), Antiochus I Soter (Seleucid king, 281-261 BC) |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 261 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 246 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC ![]() |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver ![]() |
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm ![]() |
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
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Sardis_Antiochus_II_tetradrachm.jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Hochard 20241Hochard 2024, p. 59-61, n° 26-31 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | WSM2WSM, n° 1387, HGC 93HGC 9, n° 236, SC I4SC I, n° 518, Hochard 20241Hochard 2024, p. 59-61, n° 26-31 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
1 | 1 | 33.33 | 1 | 3.23 | 20 |
6 | 1 | 33.33 | 6 | 19.35 | 22 |
24 | 1 | 33.33 | 24 | 77.42 | 21 |
Total | 3 of 3 | 99.99 | 31 of 31 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 3 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 12 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 31 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 10.33 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.58 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 3.04 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 60,800 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 3.32 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00051 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.77% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 20,394.74 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,040 kg <br /> 1,040 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 50,986.84 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- a b Hochard, Pierre-Olivier (2024), "L'atelier de Sardes sous les Séleucides," Revue numismatique, 181, p. 49-109.
- ^ Newell, Edward T. (1941), The coinage of the western Seleucid mints from Seleucus I to Antiochus III, Numismatic Studies 4, New York, 450 p., LXIV pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2009), Handbook of ancient Syrian coins : royal and civic issues, fourth to first centuries BC, The Handbook of Greek Coinage 9, Lancaster, lxix, 332 p.
- ^ Houghton, Arthur - Lorber, Catharine (2002), Seleucid coins : a comprehensive catalogue. Part 1, Seleucus I through Antiochus III, New York - Lancaster - London, 2 v. (xxxviii, 488 p. + 300 p.), 101 pl.